Kerala Past And Present, Vol. 1

KERALA

a*

PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY

L, A. KRISHNA IYER

fjn .

It Ip iL tele inWraU ikv tin Milli'*itiitlTfl U5.J.
Ihonght^ptOToiTr q t-j— fc cu allinitji'/tlj '■ ii -m !■' ' 'l

^rbere stiLSy ind Mrieordb m I’m b.rt ol kail |i » « in *
In-] irny. Tbrl !-k ; . M Lit.- V'tii-Ui.- k L id i ‘-L
Kuf»l:i v.'r ICCi'ilL b> iiU« who In: fluid H .■ ..llt.-j! 'tLiuu. tu ill*
growth Dttthiapoliy:icBl. rind.*’ in I'-sV* wi'H h« wyleciiued
by ?di. -.:*[?■ r.H KS'lauH ■-;! thb «ntiq,njL . . ctm warti avar.

}iy part hiT Tin! in. ii. nU'TB fif-ll dr itarUicntlviE r
llld Jilllil jf OJ i-i:i i It.!! StULKiIiB thkS Ik. ^ r ■ I •>. Mil ill go
-phlcai: yo.iilriu riuiilcci il if’;..jLly Luip-rtiii' I - Lit*
»rdhii’j]..q;ir L n.3 .iiiiiiLisT.

Tu ihe protect roJuiui-. Ihu fir«L I :i mr -- u J.-r

this paptidii Krr*l*— -Lt I'rurni, Itr. L. L .

Krlihnui I < . r ut ilia. UlJ'vmLLj oi Mului In: oiuL-awlii-J
‘to h( 1 from rko wrsphdnp *.f ’nFvTrrtAlitrti *koai cka
prahi^ioik n.nti'iuitlc* of Kern a sml trt-a ugu Llittri in thdir

p r: *J- JVTKJWuLivd wi.1 Ie Llttll k!J jl r hi jl'LtY -Jll ■ ! ’]

■if JkiavpMh EAulhoV- lii sb..irti “to ictdL the hSiiiiry ut
Imaia'ii jtMWTHi at aha corliasl hib" is the light •

dcnjldpESdnii.

Rs. 3,8

THE

PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY
OF KERALA

THE

PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY
OF KERALA

HI

L. A. KKISH NA lYtft, M. A..

H.I id d! t'lf Hj[ AjtiKjpulLgJi , VlllTbVbitFCl Jiflli-jj.;

FvtMwJf Cilkvr i-' *T #Vh=hngr*iihl£ SufT.j at

TL^liwiftP' Hitmrpolcgtfc Fliutagis T..

P:-.ii::il:ii;;H

VutTmh el llr T|'*.i*nAYiTVi1#d Maid ir>k'jH r ';
nlr--- utt.

WL"I! A S-«it SVOB1)

FV

J. K MILLS. M. A,. t.C.S,.

{EiiHin> DinvLa <if EHBiAirt.pfer : *M«aJ

FIRST PuaUISrt£D. FE-BRUARYi
t<?PVmCMT

SOLE. DLSTRI hlTDRS

iMLJJAN BOOK CEJ4TILE,

ina-, NgnNhv igad . poMHAr,

PHI M l ED AT THE AULIAMCE PKIMTIhU] wOBKS»
czchAM na*&. ChkAJjJ. imivangiuk
AM LA PUBLISHED BY l_ K. U RAfhtAJvL, THY C AC. Tfll VAMOHURH-

TO

MY WtFE

FOREWORD

THE geOgraphiced position of Kerai&
renders it specially important for the his-
torian and archaeologist. Cut off as it is
from the main peninsular India by the
Western Ghats its land communications
bfive always been difficult and. streams of
migration have tended to pass it by, ao the
predominance of .anoient yhyEical types on
ths Malabar Coast shows. The Rigvertic
immigrants, though they knew of Kerala j
do not appear to have reached it in eny
number? and ► as ancient traditions claim,
it ifi the land of Shiva, whose im&ge has
hcan found at Moheujo-Daro and who, it
is now generally agreed, is a pre-Rjgvedic
deity. The physical types of Kerala, the
Dravidim speech and, not the least, the
megalith* a monuments which Mr. Krishna
Iyer eo fully djescribesj all point to a link
With the Mediterranean by way of Asia
Minor, just as does the culture of Mohenjo-
ParO, and this link extends to the far
Western Isles of Europe in on® direction

and to Indonesia in the other. The author,
therefore, whan writing of the prehistoric
archaeology of Kerala is not dealing with
something of merely local interest hut with
relics, fortunately preserved by .partial
isolation, of what, to the best of our know-
ledge, has been the dominant culture of
the temperate and subtropical zone of
Europe find Asia in the third millartium
B. C.

There is every reason to hope that in
secluded Eurala ttier« have survived not
Only material remains of the remote past,
but. enshrined tin tradition and ancient
custom- invaluable does to the social and
religious culture of those Hines. All
scholars will, therefore, hope that this
treatise, bo which I have the honour of
contributing a foreword, will be followed
by others dealing with all s&peotsof Parami-
ramu'e land.

j, P. MILLS.

PREFACE

TT was Alexander Pope who said that
the proper study of mankind j$ man.
Modern trends tend to belittle the value
of scholarship and to nnder-rate arte and
humanities hi favour of the science^ The
partisans of science are never tired of
declaring that the proper 3tudy of mankind
is inanimate nature, hilt the weight and
dignity of tradition is on the aide of
humanitieE, “They stand for the ancient
manner, the exquisite gracB, the mellow
light, and the softer shadows of time, 5 '

Educated men and woman cannob ad-
equately discharge their duties as citizens
without an understanding- of the beliefs
arid motives underlying the daily obser-
vances and religious rites of rhoir fellow
citizens At a rime when primitive passions
run high even among civilized nations : the
need for the study of humanities {anchrc-
during the must impressionable
years of one’s life, seams all the greater.

The study by men of different rjmea and
religions of th.e customs and maimers of
one another may help in promoting: mutual
amity and knitting closely the bonds of
unity between them and eventually also
help m banishing much of the communal
animosity which is the bane of the national
life of the present day.

Animated by such thoughts, the Pre-
historic Archaeola&y of Kerala is being pub-
lished, as the first of a comprehensive
series under the general caption AVofq—
Past and Present in keeping with the Fan-
Kerala movement.

The author is deeply grateful to Mr,
J. P. Wills, Honorary Director of Ethno-
graphy, Assam, for his valuable foreword,
and to the Go varment of Travanuore for
the loan of the blocks.

Doputnarattf Aotfaforptfl^jr . \
UiiL'.'iiiHltj,' BuS'JiilKB, t
frliepink, SCudi^s

L. A, Krishna Lyrr.

CONTENTS

CHAFJ^IK TAG!

I Iftt^Qj-dil'jLuu , <+ 1++ 1

13 DJitrEii^LiiHi &f Pr^lfl^ric jfDnan-nBtfl ... fi

III Kotf ltel{i ^adTna^ta In TVfcrfcnoflta ... 11

IV FrGbiriorEa ATcjiiucLp^jr <ii Clgchip t „ "23

V PreihiHfearia Mmuriants in Mil*W .« US

VI Agfl at Hflg*lithla Yatniiucu 1 3 3':'

LIST OF PLATES

Fueinfl Pms*

I. A Tiaw d( doEuuaua in Atfsuvi 1

y. A view *( two lfpla*l iofmaua A

U, A fcaloiB!l Lu Abjntoad w 1 1 Li

rubbl-a ttlua-fl [itcicLug U

&' A di>lrr»n ill £nl UflBBrtS At

5- A ujB : bti3» Telman bE tb$ IS

fi. Cl™ciL&t asp-Ht&ins fipohwI jo ^

■j.bL*?([r£ii‘jd bDQlb YU IftfikiT Lid

A VI <W (it lUoilftiriH a SO p. ] *J

THE

FRE-HISIORIC ARCKAEOLOflV OF KERALA

CHATTSE I

A L-.CX AHulOii V in Lul:;il! il recRiiiafift t i LL recently ll
^irjitj dsJd id i rei^ur-eh. The paaoity oE rcegnrgb nrufl
■3'jfl Id ilit iLLeniiM pf drained waifcsrg witt * diTgnily'
n( know I *!■£&. Awordiue ta one sohol^r, it j« th«
sciin!ft:i p( auLL^TnEti^i previous 60 tbs e&rlfeHfc bn man
doonrnijnbs- 1 life r Low in oct ^ensfraLIp a Map ted, nail-
tdka? »>Q«k gf puly wautrisa whisb, possessed d mu 1
meot&ry nTfdance Id? ?obt'.irL»? add leaves oivi i>[
aesoaut Ghoao primitive peoples, wbo, up to our owe
lime?. b&vs EiYed nutside hf-stary* It- should. tberoEoTfl^
inc-nSo peoples nud nl] t-hooE qTKetiosL; oE wiaq't
eii-iSoocB oE vnbiob wrjtEoo racords by tbs- peoples coir
senaed oro wanting, Jo iba wa/c-p o( J r de. Morgan, it
applies to tbs mast Eomcts as to cottons po’sijr timmu
for it is im passible tc diMocints etbaagispbs „ tbvs is.
tbs study o I modern Jiomogeuaoaa groups frora tbs&
to; pl si ol whom olasaioat wilters spa^tr nt irom tbo
jtiudy ot iasn an-owa tovufl by tbs tiao-s they. bays Isis,
mtm. vrboaa UAEufl :* lost t; posterity, la abort, it will
1 .k ujurs pisoiaa to abatis that tbs study aJ avvb&aoLccicM
pra-bLUorp dftla wll-L psopLee wLo bowa not b*<^rt*tte,ll

Jl- hguudn Hlt-Chjl, 'Trrl-ihkn iii &l'di l ' , rfr rs.

2

taeir annals. Flora ntbiing ra.pby ^ith pee-

ibtarL? archaeology sioba it begins rtflfch history,.

Sir LMiard Woolly, 6bn diebrnfliiintind ftrehiooloEiflu,,
*ir ob: q£ on iba want- r-f silficior.n contact LebivoJn
*tc 1i KeaJ cjj ja^:i and anthiopcloKiBtB, nod aug^eabed
iiDtfiraatiag pOBuLMLity of iar*volli.»fi ibc prs bk-iu or tlm
prat ly alfnlfiouib rauouj eiielLag [.eoplai.

Ho tiiLulcf jhii mold li -Li L may uo thrown on the
problem <rf *&citn,t burial otahums ScuGb lodl* by
tha iurrlvald acnispa WliWLTd Srlluu ibR.ni bj d Liras
arehi_colG£:Cill ovldflrce,

1$ may not bo oert of piaoe to paiob out tint tha
pra'liistoriL branch ?f elLuc^ravUc Etodiea began it? a
i'r&ouh aeionirt. TLo ardiaflology of Lb u pra-hiTitnr io
lULnaiuO:! a iziLiru aubdlTiaioti cl aibiiogta pby until ih
wse toitMived, with Lbe aid aJ geology. nbsi traces of
xebii Id bbd itLLuvJuin, ;□ oivurLi: ami iu Scula cnr.Lxn
Lijtdil niuLririnl-. «tf gimi loLpurUaitna Lkj tea nturiy rf
orig:aB, Tbar.kF fc> tba rBaemrabin ol M. Boult,
TouinaL, and Ah bo brnr.il . o-vidennoi EmiLiLpfiqdi Lboiieb
Stao tbLnkiog Tcxld sunt firnt LncreJuLGi*:!.

It -ball be my endeavour to nUL from tbo imr&p
heap of intor motion about Ljir r-ro-tiatorio antiquiciai
of Keral* and arrauga nboa ia tSiotr prcp-ji- pc™ iMuLtfe
wivb lb a aid of etbuoJjRV on tin? linaEa of E.irapcaL
matbode. My sodoayour sbaJL bo to roSall. tin lottery
of human progress of bbo otrl.eaj man patamuIurJy in
KeraLa, yrkLch dcmiirLaiia otf Lie £Unue of Travail, wire,
Gotibia an d bbn iI.cLr.Lt of ~i. Ji .hL Malabar, in ike light of
uiLOaru dtVaLoimLoiiia ld Europe a il-I lull i i. FurguBSOn

J

er-Htfri a port oi tba mbjw* fa JSttff Hamt'vm:* of
USE wh'.'.e Lagm made * a^Tray of the Oii

Ciippid &icnia if rr»iiff r Aa Ha«L g | tJm QaologlaaE
So rye* It:i:a, J0nj«i foot® W*[5 Hie firas kl make »

niDbahle tKjntrthutr^a by ilia pijbHMJtiott ef hi* Pr$-

hitiovte Aftltguttm. In 1929, P^aobabaii Miir*, Id hla
<je ftsdia pub forward a u]na:it > S c&.t:a □

pE tbp Shm® Aro ffotburea of I.n.dia l>p the luaJcgT of
European aultaro bes uenan an tyjioEpgEnriE ETxnnad *. It-
leaa nob, lioweTer, till ihr rasa at YjJa-Oambridgfi India
EipaditioD r e d by HelEpigts de T a?™ that deMte
strfttHflTapfliit) BTldebdft ftr the af-a-at^ ®o<ms dj the
Indian Stobe Aga atLbnraB waa dJaagvomd, Attention
Tvai d'iTi to the rugt:ticab5B oE lLubt JiBcoTeiisi hr
Sir Jeh'.i Mimlmlj in- ]1r34 in hb itwhe^jo^ro flni tlb
/■rfi-Bg ^eisi^joEien jc. 393 1, The rutmltj dE eiue-yiitinnn
at Ifahfla ja^iar-) flod flEsawbara revolts let [b«< 1 aUtmirt-
«S iOei«, not Poly &u tbs Originii nf the I^dLao,. h-.it
abp nr. the; of biELDLaa ■:■ i ■-’ i j i ;■: Lt i j ■_■ □ ta goutrf 1 .

la Ssn'bci-u fadia and the Deccan,' erlin-e -Ji r>
JBaRal-iibic Tamaipa docii; in Largest nv ui beta, exas*
vaMonB ioni plaaa ter/ early and in r,k p eoaemn^a
PQbliabsd by Jfeacowa Taylor and: Breoka it the la“nr
part Z-i ilia nlt'jteiinih. u^oLary, Wu are ir. paBB&ieiOb nd
ipatorLale ad Ibu highest vi] La. Biona iben a o&oaiiler-
ftbl -3 SiiiOiJut A Work has bails dopo by i- 2 fikjr|i,
Epnt, ifaiiB, WukeQdii, Yaxdapi,, Kioharde- ibd oLiiarv
Th.be, tafcirLSJoe which Was burn in Pnanoa Ej.a .0 apr=aii
bo aviry nonlbstfc.

The (rre-bieborie archaeology of Kerala e&a Lhcim-
Eora cniy be tvld to he is thn making, Eler trsditiim

hrifarr Tn cnibrined n a tbii

Tboy TflCiimt tbnt iHo rrao- bo&T ing in-
■fl*f,baliiaxi of Vishnu (PfUfaa'irMDnl obli=od 1>? bbis
RlaUsto espiaia til* Bin of tisYinf; nLam hip inubbipr by
oitifpitEuj the KabatEijiiB, tbe enemies of tie limb-
icune- This bj acflona pile bed Ls twenSyobe es^&JiiicLa.
Ab ’VLj^ranjj&ea'a ablation is t l .*a ciiii'iw *tflf «J] ilia
Lai.:] tfis'aib Lh-j ianr BsaB Lm Lid RiubEd iviln mil ibic
blom-g»13tb??n *tt&gjmrl Ln itij by mulisijg tbops dflot
Eho wetei pi meauBEDii. The Br&bisKH'ie SiTnod bita
put t[ bh* bo tl'i? gave n»bj', but,, will Stirs.-
Dcania'a antonLoc, ba ob:n:na;l by steamed li-pc tic
God Pi tie seta, Vaintaa, He igrtist oE acbjud ivrd t -5
dwell .j'U: He IbtOW di iila til! Win bn rirtcrmno nbs

eiSe ok. Es b;irS>v lL fnsas CSaknrnam h:> fOi'STftk'jeiS.'?!
{0»pis CticuorLti),

"bn Guai; fa mo k> TlBlt tbfl iuad ll'i: i!liliL j1c , !l sly

v;b and caU *3 it FuuiivaiEw '* licd 4 bed SI** eoDchs-

Mndrf to bo WOHELipPEd Bib (be :bSbr::|>::LiK

Ot (t» pTjjV^ncm Ibp.R Tfli!]ftLiJinri from tha boj,, To IKiPfsie
the i 5,11(1, Piii'u.SL ! n^jii 5 b fliitd La LikV =: 1 r:n:g;h b UtsL of
ail » pgnr £iabotig [com. sho bftrk? or tie K dr-hen,
tifnr. Tils min bad Rigbt bObB tori !Sn cidn&t w*s
undo tic bead o i all the Erabiohas of Esi&La and
fopnbad, admfl hut. at* pUon wraT OotarruiECi and oibsrss
at SViiivaFtt'-ur (I?;olrj,r) !□ Etas Gunbin E'nts
Other Rmhnjunfl **«rn no*i brought and locabad ib BiorEy-
isnir cre,v>y6t>:t (f [Llujua ). Sitpa w;tii pi!«ln nncl an is)a1«
ncit a* me, aljfi rinbtocr. S'jiMwnsM (Bobjof Brahmins
»ad KilatEiT* ^rumen) »lig Yilibyw (Obaitie) and
and tie Iot or. =jce .’

5. Logit. or Habib*, o'" , p. ait.

A iHnr of bjrpebd ftnl iu,muj in Acj».j[HT |R» F , ] 1 1

a

TSih Sitomnimuticin nl tbe KnbatriyM referred 4o m
ibe abeae tegoig^ mar 1 be got adore cl ae poiistJBjf to Che
HtlUE^la betwrn-'i tin BrahmF.Be anil tbfl EufaatilynS in
-r^h loSj. i H r; mytbionl hero ia auppoand to bars pLayed a
■■|&rf. Hu ia Euppoeed to Lavft been trifl feipddr of a
jaurl pi jjrnfrman COIOLiiiLe, ^iIjd priinar;;: frms Hahir.d,

lmfl to eegfc frnsb l&naH and pastorc-a paw. 'fhiia r? eh, E d

to ha^i; tilm [jiase between 1400 and 3000 S, C.
Tirado itQ Beo-Toe]^' he s.ny rlr-~lj" that Earala ytss
InO'WB Hr> who AryariH at a very pn-flp period at l?r.flt
i-.i tli o tret Lair el HLa Ebujih century . 1 Io. tie e baeiiutt
ut dlreot svHeneti hiring on tlio qonGtioo at ttb firtfc
Betters a ( Eerok, wo hung i*i rely oo eyidanca dexirnd,
fmer marsriala a<iaf.Lprcd till oyer Eeradu lc the ioreafcg
in Dh.fl ilsapa ot d , -.lir.r:^g l pai^ue, ic.d atar.e- poSlira.

5- AriAj.ll;ih|;viKli:i*i J’pir,. L £.. -'.I.oscara; mi KiKnn-
Ernptiv ", p. 19 .

CHATTER U-

Distribution of PreJiEstorit Mu^uirKa!-

tliH ii .fitr; ti □ L i-u^i af [irfi bia 'OtLc Dionumso ts io'lmrg

Vac too eg of &ho pnijnitiva tribes m India. They are
Jo&Dd in Aaaeno, Cbote Npgpgr., Sngth India, and North'
Patera IractdftT r-CE Thoy tfiJrt oTair thaw hole

wmairy drained by bba GtidaTatj, iboh ggmmoDij 1 la
the vaLLeyt of She TLriahoa, Rad oa irotb eidc« qE t'no
4j":i u-Lh tfirOugh OoLnahatore 9! (if as Os-pn Comorli?.
'Tru-hintdrin daLmeae tr burial caiiDE a ip which art
found boaobi ttgpH and other huptauanta, pobtar y n ami
MBd* are ho Iw m«il with hrri! in: diers. £f pucltil-y iu
the upland t-nclMI of thn rajuptrj-. and tbs peopLe vfliO
torned fchelr atponL-siira [n tharra a*im( nr.: at have been
in: 2 f i'jf dni gtttlcra cf Kerala. Subj^abod apt
jstaiTLfJ by :-bo bp ccantisiB wa^ns oE ja3tni£»Tibo o*
in red era. the naa seems to have bocc-mo <ra,iiuct many
aanturLue aga. atnl La It n» brace behind thorn a*mpt
.hair am aepuluAMB'V The men of the Dronto Age
uled to bury their dead el! her to bp puburcb ctr^ibLoa

or aft or ere cuStlo P . ami retted iillriil taeunda CTtr blisa

Tbe uthea o£ the omixatei bodjea, together with tools
weapons,, and utentilH ara uihen plntied : □ or beneath
Efrn?. 1-1 Tiara ncun: they are fOnniJ Id. the Aujazntd
Taller nni the C#-Tdampin 0!i]]fl L The SaLmerin are
found on both benha ct bba PambM« La bho Aaiannd
Valley *mi coua MAC £ a wide tIow of th-n w remind! OF

i. Afhnt>iA Msnnfi, Q„ -"Cofthljl statn tfiBnaS", II. HO,

7

naatitiy fca be gaainsotly aiitable far daiaaM, On
tha It s h l^vnfLn tboy a to Lfflc? ia aise tliac in ILo Jjjw-

J l- i]j, ^born tloy ashLbia u pregioMfliye Gsteri-LTaf fan in
airifl. Tbo £L'9ib ao oosubratitm o[ Jjltnijna Is 3n BsLl&ry
v?L£T4 bbey t;e aa hJUqj ils Blit rlpLiqu r.o, Sucib
aanflairkajiati uf lid! ill9el^ in fm.vnii ft the ,\r. jiLiiid,

t allay . □ Travanu.'^. Tha imutem at bur jin b tEm

i:ia«i La^«s In pg;* ]iTBTni3g *aong acme oa^es, and
L^aa iKjiilt^ Ifc t? lu\ bhg tataat doTelopuieub o( tb« arb
"irhiph diluted tHn csnagtruaciiHj o£ tba □Lee&Litiita
QHKnisniB^ifc

Pyrpu';« nf Mrgslilhic Monuments

Uusiuuh itJ 3t.O d.al uggmi ia h:LV« bran n pm-
mlCiiiHS tij’i rr.o arietia fit mug !e Lbc paluapJithlg nr

□aDlltgioi narioda. The iddhI int^TaBbta^ aspect dE
n Qoiibhiiu Ilfs jiiy ia Via rihuala nf ibe fthHO which cip-
eiBtHtl tu iba IfcliLni at Trarkg oE roush alone nvcr ihg
deni ap-io irgra buried ia u?an. Tbe ido* *7&a that the
33Ti E ef "bn. dead aboutn be £i?on a fac&bEoo as in
Liic »ud bhftt fcho obambsr tt the deed ahoald be
the p*ob3-typB o( bba homa^ They upgraheadcd
that “ualEiaH the deputed spL^jt bad a Lloclc and
tV-ber tblu^a aa in lEffi, it- would Lover tea sitae and
irnu bleuum-s arCUsd lie old abed a doing ill a re by JtfcMj to
ths Lining"/ To tuHMBCjHtDdttB the eplris they aonat™o6-
@4 tfa:n-uut uaegolts u ia mUDiitnerta tv ait ft ■were rode
aiTnisbura :i built et Isrge pi area uf atone.

Yv’> get an imparfaefi glimpse af tbs rooisGe past
from Vriird aul Cgangr wiw ntilad tbit th.0^0 L-B HO

0. Ifaii^khuii F V. F “field atari fndlji", p, 11L

s

LiHDUcnSIlt dpflOTflng pfcribuL&r DOtEae, Tie pitxdu-
kuthita or L'WTO'wi', fciraei rocnni&d uf primeval gugbpiag
ms oanmnn tbroaffliniii the FemEuauJiLi ud d.[hd
Lire, fctnngb they ars net unoaBrout In cdu njw^ad
hf nso Rt Ci^k&anad Vaa« ten* f-aamd to Vo 4 Jayga
■mrfchcjn jar Mataisiiri' & f*w tip® H jata' 1 ,' Menhirs
Lave Lien nlknni-yed Id park el Har&b TnttuneoM ana
Qapt[c, r Whnn Vbe Yfmtaln tunnel w u Wool nisi psio
and bapian akn-eteai ^era feu oil. 'l.’rns.n ratHaiua
indicate that the wscti Ttera j □!□ abkn-i, bj tVs same
rase e£ luge that cn^okruslLd tbn paitrifc.viin/sisj oJ jjd
adjaLLiLE'g Erithb ',:LDti . Tbg sbacuco e£ anj impiu-

matik sai-peiutii] wi hh mgb Varela isdloatef L-bair
antiquity 7

Gsmlbg tg pjedorn sime*. fibe lain Divan lfe,tpdur
Dr. L. K, An.L"LhritT-: e ii.;:i Iy< r iiisiip a nnia'ciu n 3otii L
butL-nn qq si.fl FnbjsatSn the South $iisi/ci[j-

r'v-A in ard Hr. JI. K. 3eu Gu.jiln,, a diatre-guiabed
genlngii; in Oaehip ( 1910 -IJjIS} published ttn raaulte
hig. rcaeiTebae -an the n:u^ulii.b:c mijrvjninuts of tbe
Stnt-e Id the Journal q/ tin Indian AntkrvpnlQQiQai
The yreietit writer pnbl,i«hnd the reailta cf
b:a rateivehea fa TrzL?REcnrn in the Crajnj Mtpcrt fir
JS5I (Irs.vant*ra) pud tho third voln.nn! o( Tia TVeua:]'
fieri If ibiS J-n-:.! Cr«Sea f while Mr. VaiUflrfVi Fudbval..
D.reutor of Arebnaglggy, TiaTanoere. mida a bbtabL®
ccatriksii tJan by big' nscRTUtions in tie High Rupgor.
Dj-. A, AyjRFp4»c. published a valuable mugbut of h:a

0. Wand jar. Cmsuaf. ' TraiintEia gnzvg y" pJD.

7- !*’» k*- - u'iiili. Vh, "l'b« T-riVKiurvisEtiik UiniuJ' 1

y

MCRiTJitlcine In ttarib Malabar in tha •Tffwna.l of (ta

Tb* aiu-dy oL prio^Lii peopLa Living in pgr nim
liu-y aud tli-ja liijuiiri^l rcj&hJn film Tnnya ::■[ njodoi D p?n-
bi:BiMry in BltruiudEy ‘aief.il Lq Mpinff Q? fa fra SBd«-
Htmudlng of Oha a.^tcimg 0 i tao DEtrlleat in babiliiiitfl □[
3Ef knl ; .Kfcfl.iinc "Vafldsa c( Ostfloji, the Mutuptnlf
racne ‘TF\“&naDr(j ua a rssdj eiLttnpla. Tbelr

O'JBklijll baapdfik Fj . ptD y I* '-QV^t \ n; 1 Littla tbPTSgbh in
L'bjajit siitaiijOL'os. ivkiiFj jfiii jm psroTiocp in abindanaij,
TkaEt d^BlliDCFi ufBijf.tba aimploBb &b&rftater, lain*
rid-alialteta at fir-aEk^inia rosiipg on a j-sufiLsn'ood
ThJbA at imii]L htt? nttdn c£ jnnatswnod posts aik ^ild
pl*.ai:*i® learn ■ ’Weapons bbaj buie none . bafi L-bu
d^R'ne fipnd, Thej tivB by bunting or on tubfin
wbkb L 'iff And is tbs jQ.D^;Le. Ibe dead ars barlad
TocliBra rhfiy dia. Tbay iUuBAE&le Liu yrnjlGitl dis-
a?].£B[icou c( a people wilihanA living uoy itAteuli;
gk&L t

TLib ouflnrtPBfle'Bf row pl&yii? an; important purb in
fi7 Eokotinn cl a:ts5 fa? bald^tlau by pu'.a-jnlrbia iliqti-
Wo ajd' tbicSo* ^cld emeus? io Sonibern India tbau in
Northern Iwdia. It ie in bb-a-.civfDr rf iet^ Jc ~3 of Sautbsifu
India cba( paksalitbici men erased mo;.; oiken exbi-
LLtiuu vafEGoa bEirbb of Ltn]Snm. I be Bilk Sdiigaai
Mnv-LU Lit EttTULi] uff-Jl SB a BLLEB p?i'0( of t-:z s.' EftfLy

rakenlfthifc uu'ru-ilW'HELetE In Sontbarti lad’s. lb appear

Si lutin' .lifNin riMlOitfin Id tri-iii OBtlV. Ci.ix.ii ha

oeolitbk timmi by t n™ T?hp w&ra m.cbby buucuci jH.n
Llh MilapantaraLioa oE 'JfraTaRcore- "We tuiean far dd

Jdsboa dI pklae-!ihbig o»ti gr bia EnduiLrv 3a ISlDfaift,

10

(TMrjKito £a bog Coiiii.1 iti n'jiinititTiun, (T-.n ^

jlifb lo iiiiii n pjji.jij.T.': to IibViJ 9 nrLi pulsnalr araii-CiL
i -1 Li ] ■! ;‘ l ^ ini! “iplun: InTiiiS rr.girri.' Trh loh Bf« : - diiHtmlfc

Tfiili bid crndr pricBitove wrapooH Tbua wblEfi in tfin
Dfejuia plflatiHU 90d Bi3t <50*95, SJiLfcEoLiGb Li :n*n [fv«3,
EmiIo wsa without BD7 fcmnsflD life."'

'JCbP pil&aotitiiLe piidod mkg thg tc-lliib id Jo South*

{iTD India, wbicu bacjLMie Ghn rnnu ij Hjhj ootilfu of ilia
LutHi aeaijbbJa raJfcuTo o^or ottnei purbi of lodL*.
Tbrop^haut *ba w^rld wa boh 3 uumba? of inworakLaiu
acninaLlug with u bo [it bio iaduafct^’. This phase aJ

d-CVuCopRifliii ci hum&D iubK] I ijjwacii: opanotv up tie r#ul
high roflQ io p.-O^ra^d. TiuviLatianfl,, Obnfcin. a Dd' bir
fti*Ai:i rriih maciUBiHB&s bo : LI uhL rltii this pbn = a of a-jh-ira.

a. A -Guifio to tin KtmLj or Ui* auUqTHtlui fi( 5 bc Eitong

Ai«, ^p, ill:!-] I I .

CffAPT^B OT

Neolithic Monuments in Tfjyine*r«

TE® Nan- Suni Age :n muhad t ',- III" ilui-lv

lieeaLoE'Li'ian.h of nml reLi giani iHeun. th:i Hi“idj-

jptpf OVametL* oE toots, Truuji^uin,, n,ni h tens jib, {he OKtgn-

ded nuuquiet cd tmiori*^ utiH Mjs lotting down cl all the
o=^c^l.riL LnMSr. oa wbiah (bo Bocirir cS the prefonn
T70h]d he laut-Lug Mbd wars her.* ou EmyJwLog {heir
ihkmrn-iTr r.ttJ iicj, cm raising the sSandeurd oi waaiortj
abd oh oyofriag ai Iznpreeeiye a-iJ. worthy firra *£
hrjriil Eor their kiiiera. Ibev beunctu very pratM cel
and very rdiiiious-

Tha doliGC'r.E are n^da atr^Dturea ci kr^a suaba^n
efippa raaCLcg -an C^o (k pnore abber* pkcad ernnL. Thay
aie- found aoatSored ou the Uti^ cW|,n el tended hills in
t'eyMieore, They are Socially csadiiefed to bs
"atones ni the hM-alars q£ Sod?* 1 , bn{ mast □£ ibo
prtEjitlvH paople oE Tuvaown h#ve no hnowLange o£
Share isgi do they eyLaea any ioiertot In them. The
T-iopla oi AnjBiiQid ciLL them or ehoda3 ot

Ginulteya. OE their auth laity, IVeiiissgtB Mslidonelt
and Uaith point ent relarencea it. ttn JSifFeJa, wrhila
tba JaLa GopinaSbn fteo Klara to pEwa^-e In Taliapivij).
Bod Piiriniitin w. T'ha Undifl erti] thmn fnadufeuftMoi,
pits mack by the Panina or Panda™, be *hpni tmienh
mystiecious inonnmants &LL over India ary gacwaJiy aa-
errhod^ They nrs IseheJ tmeo by tba uraiLtlo'.iH rb
aaored find danjjarc-DB. 16 i* netd thu.t peasanta En.
^ritioa Triili rest ta>e shelter under th^m ?r go soar

IS

tlim at uE^bb, bill hb( aud Hlalaputiyiq ■af

Aujttbad ibn, V^I BO Hiflh fopr, Tbe? Hit aud&T tbasn ^b.An
biflV gt^Ei bhflir Oftihlfl- Dr. IbtL&OB und Dip aiofc^lEy
in England hh s nli tu« do Imamu arura ugnngotod w|tb sho
activity al a Bhaiy priaatiiagSr It ig ar.-rroi t?
WalhOLEO t Lv/j Lbt pAnplp Trh-p IjuEIG rhrrj 7 Tj[' a iv j....rj
CT dpaifa about a Haim ~t coli!j bljb^ but sht ri-iLb Lf
□gfnlfl n, dlffangnt? t&L". Tba bonds found
u-H L-iilth-ur gf dwarfs EOT ci giauta. but mui<i[ grdr
nnpv 1 tah-Lio B.ELri atone-alabl OSm for nuqyngatg Jgcii-
uf- j'] that :Loy WdfB nub Jra:u Kgliii. rort uqg Osinifli
BOuiB dUlUiiLS, boG Li: a ptupla wsro g'lEGiC',11? CC| Ui-3 to
tbs jicMd r.lj ruoa li d in an.

Tbo BraLie uf EraTiniMKtra batEaue that doLm,ij-nn urn
places Trbe^o tn:t.:;.. j e ia laidt-ii. But no snub fcrnrt 31.11 n
Las bifij found in Buy of tbdiu. Dfrlmodt r,Lu itiuria!
obtuobd^fl Ju whJdh paoyt& af lata neolithic times boried
Sbdir pBaipEd uf i ttipottaaon, Io Tray a a dove Shay Bird
I rav hrin :: ly found nn t'ji arBBtl uf tiij.B iu tbd Ivibtii
JKognrvQ, ac3 4 buy st« '.m.Jt of anbawa 'oloek( of BLong.
Id ibB orsatiou of SolmODE dArioin ardbihAeiaru]
mtifcbodB arS pti oni-p-lea a?a sltHmd; By Ibn u(i of
ortto-mafc root, cba uiaiiuiunt of Tr.i.b area ha; pro-
vided TCLtb tbo uj i ul fcUtn uf b hi ip-cthih; , With tie up-
right wall leohuitjua wdut hmij in baud tbs xoofiug of
EfliTOTt tpBOBB by metaA □[ hnriE'ODi'sl Blabs laid a*P03u
on bbe top of Lbd gprljhta. Tie saoodG fsaluia of
OlRR^V.tbLo. LLOei LD lll lit l waB 30 a -jhh cf mniii' pr Emu
o&Diaed tuasdury ec5 ysifciiaub ULOrbar. nucb bloat lyiug
unit* bids, and net i'.e tided. iurLflB of upi/igbts. Is
fitob fyjt is poBitiun, uod OTe? CibtsD B,ro liid a&7ors]

13

oonrae* 0l sralsbflsr HbciLlor eloufta.' .4 rrimafc pf Uni
Jftbtor fa [r3i.in.:1 in, ins ^njfinad VlJIey.

Typrfi of Dolmens

Aamiaiug id Qql. Ifsivto'PTn Tlftdf, fine dulmtiaa
!»ie at twu.felnfci, the *n asr.^iai; o£ Jour eiiinoa, bbtap
viipCd tS'ua twice ard ma capstone, Irnvirc ope side
cpaii, i jil it tree io which ilia u 1 1 1 l rrn l.h-g t ig cLai-fiij by ft
fourth etciBe : in the Ja.blet cufl«. tba fourth a&ino ki» a
circular ft bp □ 6 In LL. tfnbh bhOM types *t dulni’inti urn
fotiid in iTHTaa-BOFTN Tbc dolman at E'aJnLT;iTbt En tb o
Hi&ni liworva ia i«atAugu]«? and Bba portion aboyn
jrti'jad \i 8 i;. i i 2 -M ft- it dJnzan^cca, It bis uulf ore
gftlWy. LacgSbwiee, it lmt pnly ono ainc!* Hpdgbl c-u
on* a! Ae and Spa oihfln on thp oppomba elds. SUdaTTaya
tnorn ia Otm pb cuub r-id<n r Tbc I’cur Eh ipn-v-d rrinb ft
aLafile nos no al ft In Tbo capstone is 7 ft, i 7J.3 ft, im 3 ift
rudfltr triangular, Tho Aol rtfon ia aLrafttad an b?i3 OttliS
if ft hill, lb appears to lure -jesb h dolraoa o( bhrs
striieab tiunea be it ia boib of ncbairn bloofca of atnna.
Ibe pEaaeboa cf a-benea lying a r™ its roil ftcoand Llis
liglmab atimffN tiLut it might hn rii hron w^ared with
Shorn, E^iMT^tagp yioldpd nq rwnlta-

M*to« ■fofllld anobber grnup of doLuiiba on the hElla
Inbfcbltod by *b* Mftlftyafftya.De. Tb a? stand unrttr io
ssirb with a oirsnler eseti^n fftriug tLs Hciibb. A ends
a tone ia Etood to this apartura with a rubber igtinfl w ft
layer bo pr&yent iU- (all mg not. Tie i Lo^rg, t:fce thence

a-b the Iflpnrd bottitn, tip ftraglo fl]ftb. : ‘ To t-hfl* d*y t

!J, JPotphihcci, "Tkcigli-E,tuirin Momnpiatit?; 1 , j, .
IP, "XfftolT* Ufa [e, TittVanftW.

14

fibs Ara-T^bii snake eJuatT** 3 ItbEa sells of etoui. 9b* wlnta
Tannine n Ikm. a few in cars samara,

UalEuaiiE nrr also fannd at Pernjstlsafpairar OB..frtfb
aldtfg *i tbe Thatayar or Tamhauar Tl'rar. a a (nail tribu j
tary of tbs Amsi?avatJ wblob, Itabs t.ba.OanTei;y,

ITara cjq a flat Iq^aL ra Jry- lab] stand art ?a&n a ]&rge
numket of doImong- LQ groups o( tires. tear, or tWa.
Atoo= 4 ea'ni bmiiti iaa oiTnijlar padkins afrp'jflhlv bb«o
atonaa hbuiaata. Ttu*s of doSmspa &TB,foupd

distributed ib adraLs. ■ T|io df4pt*f)pc™ (if ibe aiaiaiitr
of the dofmabi is oast to regsk, A fsw nrr atun in, tbs
north to south direction-. Tbo- upr-thi j'.nnce are
roetanEular in skips and a?* about W.fl- i*ug, fi ft,
b»ad and V ft bEab. The onveof stab :a IT i fir 0“,
TLs 4aoT is y RV < : - w-th 1 Hi*t utaue (dab 3 ft x t [fc. 6’,
The Inner olranoJbsr is 0 fi. K 4 ft. £►?« earns of tbs
gc^et stabs am (bun it remnants tf njhljDe stone packing.
Them la a sctni-oireutar noirauK hr tin rEglmea- &n une
Rida. Most of tbs doLp G"1S ia7C Hoar uprightii, bgt aba
dglTnpD la. earns groups bas ouiy sbrsB uipiy sue- odi
aapHpuu, lbu.il leading one all* open. At ^auflfc-Sn pFita
in the 'bfaUipatfur I&e«trt totra is a dolmen c-uaissbg

pF four ;j r>r ..ilbw, DLj ip jj < qu*]‘Qr &ud HKlfar jo Btapfl

than fira fpenA it tks AcislMd **((*7,

B.ttaui LirmS fa’rlVd.LUi'Mini

Too Stalo Ars'niiotlceLsr, lit- Vuiadero Fwlufrti
ivindg ntnn, fljtr^jiun oisaTntdons In Tene&kkaL nur
V And ipirriyar nn, tbn High ll&n^ea. Ib fliit I. its
numcnriHUBTits g[ the capstone were on an ayeraire 5 ft,
6 i nnh fio in fength. rj h. 10 in abea la breadth avJ 1 (oct
;n t h ialn us • and tbo 4 /sa esoavaLad ruk b.l tL. i S ft.

[pi 'd *«•**« L 1 ™^ “1 cwcaioci ¥

I, : .i

id !L d[ (1^ ft- Two burial BL'tti Worfl ODWrtbai,

dfi9 o[ which VFAi 5 Cn, 3 Liiubol ia ni rCUTuf-PTeH'M
h« t&c mnn;b. 7 it. 1 EuftL ia c,h« middLn *ad 3 fi, ID
icchc? in height. Tbo sjjtJler aru bid & L^aundf-cvruc"
of 5 ft ft ic.(sb$F n6 the mmfib, S ft- G Laeliea at the
m : dd]a iad H ft. S iaab-aij in imighfe. Iboy TMN5 found
aide by Bide xiLk an L-j c-jl- ? Lli.^ b pants of i foot i Ln>
ohw- Tbi? tbinbncBfl of tha bffinw urn ii il/lG fnahoa.,
whtEo that of the cn-aLE rvoo 3 A iroi*. ^to blR^er Bra
bftH all Tdiiriil 111 r.n^ nljiL.a. with piLtatliit By ninsaLrit.uI
CndB. IbiLC Wflfri l WO tilOfn C-ist? i.n a atciIO circle

wbiD^e oimnnfcHinw wju 35. f nn$. TrJ*] diggEngg wgre
ala-3 main >1 VeLicmki ill £oliL T.-a-i a j a^ra, tvb'irc
thoy hravght to- lifflit- twenty sepulchre arng. Twj ai
Shea; ware TJtcarbhtd Eroii. o;no o( which two irno n x a?
wesc diaooTCTiiri. The pclLLiy of Luu burial urn? At
VaTwdij:4irEy»r :t:id Yelimalai ia OCt pniptod and bap Tory
Hi HI a dfiOOiAjiob, Tbo Israor uran tAVfl A altULb pAltOr.b

or beBd pioEfinn drawing gh lJjO CliOTLOT oloao to tb-fl
month-' !Phb (iaaller- fotfl. fouod insSdt taro nf tins (Lin
etip yarlaiy Turn of the Emallar nota inside w-cro wjdo
mouthed with daep narrow bodies: uud muixl Iik:-hi.
^bo unearth ed at Voliinala^-may be usaribed fa>

tb* early Iron Age and tboie ercbuEred at Tamil poriyar

io the B-noELtbii: [;tricd. Hein g halt linked earthenware,

they harfi beeotce Tory iriLf; i I ■: on auocuct of heieg buried
ia lift tup 'SHtli and had ill gob so broken gr Ii?uuked
cb*t tboy Mold ooi ba rcmBirad,-''

11. Tiivoi: .imc Arfl^itliipl^aL lUop-ort, HI

M. P-, pp. 6 - 10 ,

t’uTilsr auQ&FR&iasH md olreaivotEo*^ wore to* da.
by Hr. Padiivil io the Blbod "V allay. BTa dEaMvcraQ.

u i:. L 1 l« ii [> ijf ru-.ir dciliimuK aLtu&Sed within two fnrlos ga oS
Lbs zig rib tht- n i zr Li: mill; a Si lb fuftoug aSoneut List uiir.u
I^viiuLBTB-t^Tiak^Dttlro&di daiiaeba are parallel

Go flue's oGbor aad taon- aouSbwnrclq, the tfutinknd
Vfi]Jay OuLy the third fiom iba wna^ in ip a gtitn, m£
guild pttwntfoo- A uiat La bLk: fcu ad sdjo oEpp, tboE:i
di£incr.B apd Jim teen ooaaidei^bLi 1 nbrn^od Tin
rr.cai"jromr.ni i>f S:ia <1 ::Jc£od .11 USO- ootiliti 9U Id an
EoEtOWB | —

ietfp'tft

IfrtG&th Hcijht

Thifhntit

Caiiatiinc

Iff

si 1

i'

Side afronc rigbS

7J'

5t r

±r

IfcabBbonQ

if

&-

T

i'LBidfl wid.thi

if

The dietoTury nr morn doEm-m* wss oiado uu tho Yontd
Bile ol bba ISLbod ValEay on the Mutinied ridse-, 0(
bbeea. the Aral ia a groat oE lour doLmeaa, tinea it Jrtui

E&aiiig BTuEhj Bud eh 8 inuTth in r.h e baok (bcLuh esuo.

The luOBJLsr^oDt it oae or Ltnexu is beiow ;

ldH|ii

Tkiejcntt?

Carnlgn*

B*V

C

¥

liide bEouob

W

W

iV

’Ju-tL lOntoe

3A*

if

¥

Inside wHhb

w

Til II Other doitJailB ate lourr Or Lettn eJ ihn annul dimen -
■teaia. Ilia Jjucil. '>f L:lLi diJcnun in WTflred by 41 rifcnrl-
jqg etoae £ X S'. X i" ilii-ci. A dismautLac. raLbLa

17

iuihod ry eumjwrtd* tain grcup uuj tho jaaide is
with stflTio

At TboodLDitlal, M*. Slumlord aioiy&tid u-s oj tbs
gri*Vap fcuod 00 LELt Lups, they WHTB HiiuLit:J tn n
a^n:p.tit riiiT, Llie uru>-^ fcging !.' Lut'd glola 30 01L6
laotjior, i\Et#f r«m;TLDg the bruU’-n BtOOea LblL
uiarked tlio a pet tfh- loiiod & 11 at oscular atone tbit
riv« a b-rilLw BOUbd to & lit hi tinpinn; t? i obi a 4irow
bar, UgilyjiftHti It iroi a large ura, Lbd rnrn] tfci

ct whiaH wan ill 1 ' la rliaricw t aud nbe vsrLkjat tiui^hi;
f.uo jt Hi Eii plnac^! in n vertical position la ihi: graprid
firmly embedded i.t± elay nod gravel. Eiqh. i>f tbo litjo
urna cuot&Lm;i:l acting and drinVraa tcbioEi. tsiba,
obutiia pf VarUrae ui^ns mad sbapcBj some of red alay,
ohbera bleak pclllbed both lDiida and cilsLle. g[ \‘ zt $
bti'c r-i'.Lii; i'll and vor y uritBk to bvodte. 'I bey writ
iirm!y sci hedded. ia cine rt .l aLiiy Ll.aU eeamed to bara
jiLE.iiii ld r.Titl partly dllwJ sij La a large OTP, 4Tid ;bo
Eim'.l TdbflOtb TFuri ill eil with ibn ?amn cUy vnry tightly
[luukc '3., and werowjdgtd in upon {rep anoibw iu amIi
5 :uHlUout ea to lo&^e ib Tory difianLti to ji'niw.i tbam uo-
hrnVHE. Braes vsro EoLtid embedded Id tbo^eeflele in one
urn, and liiuKft UfO cabled Sud luLsdo with dlflF in rlberfc.
The Uo^lni'p wh* able to ident.iy out of tbe bou.ee at lLis

hip boiia of a Tf -Ii - On iht tup lC lius Liru ^19 ftrued Lb ::
bl<de of a Hword, *3m^t compltbely mated through
about H' long "witii no slew of handle. IsRldi* tbe
mrp worn ftread two ep**r-heed-': and whiin aypiars
be ao iron ab.ael. The una itaeir eed the ^naan-lg found

15.. TIf»™atnfe ATQlliM*ilvgit»l ajKhjIrfEptJiia

iue ar. e i it. a-io.

Inal ile Ed&rtwrja tn bhs rpTignig tyix^ -of wh*t :'h «e.I [«v 3
"Ilton Pgttnry" in th*? Cffidndcijin; &j f j fl-ftutfiri'f
AfliigniiSin in fcbo OaTerBBQmjt Mmctlib, Mack oa ; soma
aS wh-LcSi mere tn be ti from Tandlgndi La Li e P&lni HtEhi
and other parte of the M l-: 1 ■__- , ii ciakiiat but meet *E
which are from fbe KiLgiriH, I.uh Ciimhatare, Malabar
*nd TibeeaeJly Uekrlat*.’ 8

The ilii' Lo.fi au are sSEli ereuted Iry usriain t r; ":i n:i nr
India hjiA. Bnrmn. tba Eb«ei k ij« Mazda, the Gabd, ihu
Oram* the JBbiE of Central JbGia, lb t Kiirb mb* cl the
Nilgixij. and tb? MfllajariLshb ei Travurcora* In no
ease an the aolmaii t cf the bIee abaraiKiiiriBbig d ihn

predaiatoric phsae oE eiyilikabinft. Tka atuliajt kim-wn

dacitilea ara aba largest. T im dalinann :n bhn Anjicad
Valley Bbd tbe Catdainbci Eillfi. Iie*? gut this psjgv.
IbbHd (bind bn luW ir aLbVBsiobe id bba 3'aiisi uui
Mi'ay^bor ara Baullur Ld airs. Thu limn pf

mjJtbTE in Sha .dmjt of the frrigfa who buili ntyfalilha is
i.'LiRiir vmi frbm the (ant that the preaflnL d»y bribos dp
ngEi uubaUy diapilty RTiy teadenop to <j; ms tract drluiCDS
Jb IVnifabEbr^

Dr. BEyori brought qat bhi? fasting y*ry
p:™Ln«atLy among the Tocas gf the NLifiiris, whara
lirJur.gns ato largely found.. They Jtimiah ua wish. an.
RiHnpln bf a tribe at * low lard of materia] aultura
liyiciE in a dlafriot BU&Ll frith riMpaiEi& of a (airly high

jiirilajjLtjnn. $Ar*1 Chandra Hoy tlAB obaerved thfi Fame

fyet irj CSwt* Hagpur and Coopa* id Aiaim., In

lft. asbiidArk,. A. J. h 'MaUie ini lb tint filfcj F.i!Lj , “ | H.J —
Malt Aminat liffij!

q. &'ji: Miikb.uyast f:! £ 3^6 Vbt'fcUiii Who Hve
in Ubu Hcionqn iriHl Jr. A j jdulu. , «Yjco£ mp In’inrnut ia
tk?LU. Its tbd ansa ill MnLaj--araynna rrbo $rg<ri piiglutrar?
d(j|pnHn£, & lwa Cl Ou'lt'JId Pfrd Liu detected LO tllfct tbfly

ni net inaoipuLtte t&rp ,0 Rioatt- &b Saeii fi-ds^iauia die.
Ti&Y&D^ett fuiaLabea h-u eiBtajilo l-C tbs Ani^i-nd Tm I lev
Bt> il. iiot t-ria 6:m 3 :::is ut zuatariaL =.1 Ik uf iulhirH Lud a Li i ’r* =
t‘;iuL- rOR iOHo P5W j IlLifch.Lau by ibuUE TfBJd USDd L Lu :l!t!U4:
Dr^b!f]9-3tl£ ffiY£li2lrfien< U

Menhir

Itfbphira beb Entn3 id puts df Sgjftb IraYRdroja <Ja
&ba Onrdanifi-ji Htlli They are very ftw ia number
Brii'jd UqpISd rparrl Hiiue- maiahirB cf i jK,d e?H size Lei Blip
lEadura dintr:;t. --tuau'i without buy DOSEkiitijfl, Th-aca
in a miaiaviLD r.ys-jliir, 3 fegit bigb, iili Muriyar, aalteJ
VabhunilloLLi. Th? ArnbiLBntDgiat fouad iQLilr mtU’
bira ss&3 t podf oi dolmnna I™ the &TKfl]>ad by tbfl uiiiH
L ,[ the ai g, on tka 9tb mile &th UdiHong nr -inn c-1 the pgiid.
DeYiillllHb'FHrLafciEiBl iO&I LB * i&0iag<)d nnndibLnn <
flrL&l dijfjlbgB fiisdfl at t«n dilTavaat ?1 :ntR pn thj«
Tba 5.t£t wna baaBbtb a sE.D.-,fcir Si T ia b9’fch |i

jnr-in Lb a ft d. 1 1 fv_3 & , § i'j' ip widlii &ci h" m tliLGUiiCJ^.

The or** iiif w&a ltf X6' df HO aqmre i«4. Aliev
di gjise i i tees below the mrfkdK, a buiiit utn 'wtomed,.
It was osTurud bj a t'oci o slab & l-l Equate aad 1 thick"

nr.BE ifhkb HCT»«I a* its lid. ThO mdBbUEemants cl tae
urn lrara; —

Li Xaajkti P Jill . H, HI Tlm Cmmi Rfl^-rl inr i3fll p ' lTn>i*ii’
i ''Tilt/ IiBYiLubcxB LlribaB ^ CH^tcd,’'

2 Q

Sfliebt:

5\

BLitnobcr dI iloj:

J p 4i\

TLmiBess;

5V

IucdL 1 Tiiauitltr:

Triad k was finin'! :l :: b nl.L ;r, LkrfiM brplntn [u>L» and dub

iipo bee 5 i" lane 3i" iridB at thu eJistl*!; nidi ll v at Sba
eilic? end uad t" it tbic-ino?:. IT a s o'ajroE? ULC&eixaa
wb^e:^

(i) Gn& akuLLy. rEii ttilli risilad boLSCn* iijiJ [n food!
wndition with buftfbl < 4 u n thlcknueq i 1 "! and
ilihUDtDr 10 l",

(:L) One fiioLI poL broken b’ada, glared, *ui5 TVitk
l>u:S L^il IiObtOin W i III liaij Eli 'dT , L fttnka cia % y nmi
dilcnuhur

<lil) Onfl Jurga pot I brbtfln I iriltb ppintfr! bofciir-IU, jjla^vd
Bod hbgls irttb teifilt 5i\ tbioVnoes f\ diameter-

*t".

(Lr) Or k priirilj biased Ifcrokeu) i':Qt, top Lull!:, ,vlil
holism red, ’nisi hdqbt b\ Lbinjinuhn V Bod
diameter d} 1 '.

E.icu, T l, 1 1'ji'ir uf. oltcr tr.nnhini re-cvfcd aio/a ct leia
hki tftu.6 fBBiiLl. Tbs urea era fgunH no C3*:tiLc.uLi»n
bo be tiC&ree £ attiL enfrare iiupu-fesUy bated fetid ;*-nu.
DreeieS by a cSrov lai- uaus fa ;t*irn or leaf batteia
drmsiES on the rius. Tueir cuntu>Dlu nnittl) 0"liS .dt ot

11

Gi[?66niKLWtrfi iTimiwjtic FCHna]fl 1 jtmb ih p?te,
paL-nLu-aan, li;wLs: r 41 id Sat bolt jrutid. (jlrafttii 'witEl Ifid and
Mank Eudace. Tl:a J.ifjovery ot irt>a f.t-2 cjl tba aj;-s at
one menhir iii^ioaina L*iab lb« ^TjonomeBib® bskiij to tins
Iron Age.'* Hg ino^aru aetioL-aslj baa tbi* arm-pis
CPaBitjorflf iv Runhtt, Tbdy hrr pvDb*bLy momoKB]
BklDBE-

LH-, T1 1 ■= Trn.’ j.|iL-jttii AailiioaiingicRi Kcfml-, lltl X- E-,

pp-U-lf.

fiHAPTEft [V

l ArL:Jja.cu]'j^y of the CecLiLn SLa;e

A Jit: Ha E0L0ai£1fa owe a ooa f? dobt <A (jralitudo to
fibs J lju I>f , L. K. AiuraihalirLehria IyCr tL.iii E bo Stile
jagLHl At, El K, Seal Gu|i£> mi tliiK.r 'Ji uGl i b ui trill

:n tins Jlfljil at i*^|iErinrEp ^phEnobrgy pf tts Cochin

Stirio-

0cm el i,3E of aepolobTaE monuments found in the
Coalilu dfis/C is 'ledataiieij ut ombre] Ja steuea, wIjLl-Il
tiSH-l L-y iloIiJahP. Ill Evya.L, n TtLLafiS 1 7 uiiLftt ErOur
TrlAbai*, ab^llb 3u dolmffBI Wore EnOnj ; <.•. ci I y Lbreu ti(
fthjFn WSffe fopqd in tact, Tthilfl Lin; sn^rioTirg i)E bhe r^i

hiiTC 3,1 oil*) down* Tiro gf tfc* former OTO very

tintiUi atSi white L-bg third jg a littlp Hn-.nllflr ihan

tbn ptbftr 1 m l The eupCtCEOt fast £* four iJjgbtlT
iodised iftrcng LiARTiio Blipporbl uienEU^fop, foes in
'u.e: niib nboTO&bfl gr:ntnd and U ; feel in diameter a* ibe
beae and bays a oiveutuiereuae iJ 30 Cent. The
veriijili are rudoLy teiaogular litariba stasaea w; t b the
bate urafoiSioond. The o are £1 feet in height from the

a I'M to the Tuidd La uE the baats which La 5 feat Loup,
while the other caese jr;n ? It. add 4* fL. abera gtsum!
TRspaulLTC-lyi EiOiTitidQF. enfolded rr*Beln cf Lhe mdnL
[ragLIe stata &ud a tew bitH of bwm nob aidEy Alhbin -
gjlitatle were oh^lned- "" (fuaccfpv.s Aio$nltnUHB nm?
tapi-luiUia are Eocmd fa a tSIIbjtb adjotitirg ftbe
VellurAMl b-jat', huf > mile aoriL-etet to ibo 6th -mile
fltODS nr. tbe eped [t.j.ji Waiakfluahari to ICti n riFL gti iitWj

rmld dJ tJiiiLrj Siaitlj] la a jggij aintc df turcB&rTiifcEtin.
Thd |iEirsn ill n r*g.u!*i' St^m^hcngd hat in Bmld^tUT*

nriL[r cnr.^isi fug nf bni-stor Cfl dbfl iiinhiBlln'aacpft? iu
fiLn^o i-il tlijTMonj, owivma. end b*r*t pIoto]

wish hotfc pluoG "BDHTPr ."l fl it iiircnEur fiH

!ou id usar Eurhia Abgadi and 1I,m;nri f lSrjiart (*1 Licit.
MuL&b&r di&triui) KH|MHtiufily* h “

N-LLL ur'j-j:: BTti L lu: rlfll IT HDR fa-p^d 0 U tllfl CtHili IJI
LiSlfl. Thay Sufl jinnijraLly gf a rwS&D^ut&l tiitLera
iairaul aE aibglu iiLaln; gj n'f ST i to TOrBinul&au. thp *idfl
add fi&JJflfli at the be Item by eimiSar slabs *, iih □ Isivi’
BuperlDUHialinpb bl^ri wbfeb » mn tLulmii.

The uni c pcng£ by ftr- E/- K A. Iyer bail 6ieg galls
BarlitioDfd Iby a BipjlB dab *E e^mEte ft" thick niJIi a
eirnul&r ripfl riMj'jl: l£" it liiunidLer. ft h >> tyro BLaba:
refcaod lor onstlc wwfl were 7 F i«hg ani t' hroid at!
w-eifo Teify thick f. iifl iruwjlvh, Tim Ljihciior diQMtJBiciba
waro b 1 l"* x 3' 7\ EM^tuiiaq pf g-ng of the cells showed
'■ tv o hijj burial L m& filled vf I 111 garth.. They could tiot
li& iemCFfad UUhYflketi.. The -tbir ::njl yield'd fwc jars
□ Uid "with. aartU atd cihuttiK in & broken loodiliera.
I'h sy tire said Sc ha wiics.-inine add free I nan dscsiratJqji
njtocpS a tew Jsgai oE ■imnle m.Cut(]m£B aTCLnJ Lbs t_tn
of t4* ]fd rLT fl the occ!k ad tbs Isoe of the ata. No lid
gerarina the month of no? ol them wsa fouafl, hflt fchny
wo'e pocked to the brim with flat red asrib. tv hi ah jg
jYij'iu'Jly Eo-io to hare baec ponied iota them ie t as
furnr *[ liquid and wilds must have lusor become
<rubyter[ud iqbo a axn&LL mass nlmllat in phs-fo to (he u L'li-

Hir Sira Q r.|i|3 . T. K,. "Hc&ik thin iJki.riu ju ti- & the Ce-rJiiii
aiahT(7,I.A.I,),PrliM

ti

It is Lu blss nun* of aarth tbift bona bite, Twwdis,
hdn^lfl j>rc feyii^S era bade. od ■ Tbo guiaUar Trails in»y

ativa iO’Jtniii!: I nlJisrLngi /■'■S' l!i« avilf ii ( f I. bn dead and
Shu alrS'jl&L laid '!• tbs tu.Glia sf.’j iltual huVj luaii tba
|kih£l;i! Lbl's'Tl.l 1 !- Tfiihfh bi'<! npirt ^vaS ml lufrnii la LuiliJ
tllfi ufferiiifi 1 . Tbi ICCO ip’iTJumniits -pd-Lcini) in tin graVa
rJjj?FMffl:uLtfd bkiii uwh l>y t}»P melt during thiJr

lifDtiffirJ’

M ?_ Sap Gujita lu-iipd iljicLiui.H round kbsul
Mutinttasifl »r.il in but j aides uE tic tri<a.way tfl
E&H, mbit '.lift or. TLny nrii fimaii ir&ELunS built of LlffCS
uji-Lfllst {dabs oC -w i L in a liup’iaTin n uuuniicff

Sx t| 5 t I nubic jarda. wboro it ip *ni 3 sspia tkkjuj
(fltseal paiasd lbeir day® ?ti ?ruji>T and meditation.
Trial fWiiTal 'Cias lo&u it«d in diwppwntiDOQtai *a no
llzm&ta bon$a ’W619 found- In a^ortE, tbo I’^Lamlatura
HLiir.Kd u.ta olHonreil with lb si' jtlivio f^ao* dawn^rfi
or in^urd- Th* aotEtnec to ifas dothicna is in TuriuljLj'
i^rcotad u>ib:- newt, thaw batdg na dnrari titbor witfi

a oitouIm", eirnt, dir rculuti.jni.ar ;■. pLiiurii at are

obaaiToi ip rxunim or . r; i-LliS: t:urtd u[; 'Ll- ATitlu,.

Moat ^ them -HIP siioplo i-:l nil fiV:ileu(jS is EbS^rTSd
&a bo tbnix boiua eoTe-rod ^rith a caim nr tumtilni.."

l£r. tiuiit* rise found a doimou 8J- >; S' x i' *n
th& eegs f t Mnniara Tbaodu, htt LIl si ioftEfrcitlian.
Tba oapitano is im^pilir TiEU traaturpi jit the

JT. TP*t'e*d« J, u+it«ttiiW ia iifniluil la the 5 nn(E> ikiJE.ri
£.1rifciij,| Erscrckpjidii l rlW(i Dr. TV. K- A. llfl-hfts
■ - r= l I wfilli "-li* {loci i is FnbisUirir A
V?- 3hg C-ijiin. TH ■ a". . ' ’JfcEcI itii ir S[" r ; uuiac L> ul Llm Cudifa

bLa<LD u . m- ICrj— Ifci

iHH-tki-sifli corner. Tint b-b.Ii? auijalaLad of banded gneiss-
S’ a itanfi flmr it obaarvrd *tm! in lids ebiyaotcEiEftEo iira-
sn! iL'Iui jiaaeit o£ Ghn Joliociia of tbd StilflL The ■SoEDje'P
at i&gctliiiBdaLi Tbunrlu Ea tbo only di-ci in tbe Stats Sbftfc
l :tl a :i1l airlea oonlwiid l*r slabF, hat tbn wdilaro
oiid Lab a parnbnJk vary neatly abiBolied “Ba-

ling; If Push and it" ^ide at iha L®^saS part ftad
tbia is closed by a Blab 2£' * if iJ»aad against 15
£ram outside, The inner aiiaEltnooiB nra S' M>Pg 3#'
-wliQd *nis 9 iJ' bJgli., The capiitjcid au iLc other hand I?
■3" late and Gf broa'i, Tbo at:ma fluu* is oovewii by

0 inches of aoit TshlaU whan raanj-vod 3nnfea*er the
ngi^jji'3 at tba pnrrdnjlta Pt^aici^ to Si ies*-

Mdnhir

ALcboasb the dyUnatiE are a eJiniMbcriBbEo taa-tnee

01 tba hill; and jup^lEH. tba i:i£uh:ifl are ii'iiap icuci: s by
tlieir rarity, Tbd on ly instance li fc':ia iitiHUiiy tdw u£
jmanbira ab KuruatapeTa rbaln- Tfcp 3*Tgngfc Eusubjr
eobaiatB oi an irregular acd. Sab ujirifilib aon?]'.tb. I2f r
biij'j, Tb tit lie nh Lhd ioob. Tbrae other smalt monolith"
form, a straight rrw Tr'tb the priaeipal menhir in its
n nr Eli tilted to bl:C ttqiIS nod tbci hui.iI h. Id India tba
lorpi u[ -thu manbira TftrltiB firotiLly ip -jpidaly a a pi, i a bed
Looflliita*. 1 T*o ti-ecibiTfl tdiu g|j*]F7ed by Er. Anngbbft-
ttriaboft Eyor In. tba Ti-Eubur t*]uq,

Buriat urnm pr& big earthenware posa filled iritb
farlb and fouud 'iinrscii. at a -aeptb uE a few [set (rate tbu
BnrEana. They Bit fgqpd iu tba (eraata of tka yJni.DE,

iyL Sen < j upty> tf- F. •■ M.'KftlLlk. t )!rnniLiAc.ts od Lhc CocBId
S late."

vitiap.eE, jii tho ooi ghkou-rl: pod uf kotvne. Oii
Tntiao 11 af Item weora fauud in au eieu □[ 2£) aquaye
leet iu pnfi 3annLI4y. They irar-c bpitlio and [fill ib,
pEeuSB by tbEjr pivn woSglit hood SB HUp BM rrn'UEidEng

eayit (rwngvfld. One oE u;caei]r<i(3 %¥ lb

bright T' ib nilrtbEflfeL'SGCe aS the brradfHt tiplbi and
1 G j OCb «si ib a iu-ieLoI- an the OlOjth, Emm .natjbn
japun ifiii iatpE^ni^Uto, hoivEe„ Slid Sift' l iTOflraa in u.

cruniiiSibg Bta'c aud [lagnieatG oE Eieacs Bends

biancltta W hieli uiu^s havD 3ipan TtpFii b y women woto
aiEn loll 111 la ££ 1 UC nrf thei limn. Ptiitsscy 0(E VaLlOli
IrwriaE, yaiin, baBiGS, enpE K scnnU ’.' umiiijI'J a£ antique and

^rMEEnl fEFITlB all £]Jei with OBrtb wen? swma in Lhini.
Bomu {Vf 6to TDEmeS Wert UfiLiJlBC slaved SOT arpanHjn.

lore It LOUSfej therefore, be icieiTtu til they h?£or.|?$(jl
to a aenapBiaGLTcEy early date. T' 10 Bis-nl Iat oube hnvc
4 hind (jE glasay appon-racD*- Tbia ae&ui to li&ve boon.
aa T jacd by rtibhiDg the aurrac* with fc me e5 la ginon a
jj u lj o( AhnbUaiii mdloutu.''

Tail H! ig^HHbid j that; the uonttyuctiau aJ the
daEfliBae nifrf he aWrllmGPtl to Jama atceii ca Ebon Id ha
takes 1 st whit la wafth, 3??, &u hiamoci ia Iyey oE T?&-
tidcom oit-cn tbu ease of the dolrt-oa at Saatabpaira
IikIlltc;, tp have l>apn the abode of a h Beaut Edanluia by-
name. Trlr. Gupta Khya that the htiLiiij SnaiiiL rppnli
bav’e USffl thn prc-KMni ir:^ diduieu atid Lnrui.rl it bo bja
uwh U3B itub ta hsTTnii orths take abtLter Ip shells of
gaatropodr. ^Vnf,Dtha';Tish:ip lyny uensE of * rtTHOrted
ci fccavety cl a ir-ZdcT-fc , a !i«j *r:i hooka in a iclmeti,

!&■ lb- K- A. ]j*p, -hu-hiirii-ic Afthurdlogy eE +lie Cocliin

B-.ftlu" ificttlll h&l-±a tblimUJ KaiiydijjMiiJ ji).

:t:id iC Bins report in tnu, tbs rsi'^j i far iiLoir occnreiieir
n-jld bo Mu art fti slit uijJiiSitLap s$gij;eaiBd aibovB.
Ju»:| i:OA J’0V4r Uiihkfl bkiftb ilia n a miralii' palkliaA alOIW
hijiiihm, (itueii of i»-uda prjitury . jJti^zi Lbei criJll-.lt.JU.eil,
* ad jar Ehl lily atari la found :n the Trinity En^ia^o tbafi tbu
B^pral^uba aei'vai ather F3 rfl'^0 wiBJrciS-

ELBni dF funural QypqTirjR. TllWT IHTIlTfoblF bftTR QTflcr-
JT'fle c" un i □ J tvisiS, * f act flf n b i oh eij; oifi snare ntncl

ira pnf tapiiE bor. fi Pc! eua ?hft caadn o£ d;>p:enl of il-i -Sc r«d .
"Tbfi tbleVlippocI, sninil-hoiied JisSaira . Lorda ol t-Lu
billn . mpp^idflTsi by Sir W. Utmtar, as the
Mauii’i of « hifibei not Eb.au ike Poiayaa and the
M jdv-'sxa a( its A u llllitai lit 1 a L Taa»e bills dui# T«*y
bkiu peopled, tbonad in the great i:LOj£ u: juLllj “n J jH
which She primitive trilM* uarf far the dead"."

31 , JJja diQjLHt Kr K. K4fR.!tbLf Msa’jsm'.a of the
Oiahin Bum", pp, 110-111.

OttAi'IEB y

Pr^-liijstioi'La Monuments In Malabar *

TIJOjl-OU" uavL-Loru 1)3 ire found La 'Pbni^iniiinirn,
shTP3 P-.rl in l.ii+iu t Li. ! j i tills. EaWngtgs v!-,r. Lh.a Arab £a
diaoc.Tin: 5aab fcaftha in iilU bad Jinti it 1 if 111, bjiL Ihsir
CO»ar. tjlOJ » Lusk a:: : : ■.‘i L i l J L “ ^ II 1 1 ■ : : T i; : i ? “i r .Ttipvrb^-TJ n ItrcsjlJ

lTOBtbo flwt bi draw iiAL-ij! in i ;?H - n vn;j u-mii i r. I : : : r r = f
Bbtaahod bo rnnfc-ont- tonka by to fcbenp

a Viylio nriE5n. |Ch(j auifoco iodicuSioUi f-3T bbil imStT-
ground bomb is a ir railin' it aqua? a aL*b it aboue
GcverLug th<? tup opanfag. Tba toluse explored by
BibLiigion bad lytfloarirLpayy u;;un^jo:i etana-diolea as
in bypiaaL atid unt I in ri tin, Ibnb La, iliiwd at

A :lit jt-iilLLii., Ab Fc'tubii ir.:3 Pj.nurliiir'.l.iLl't them bifl
bOfiU Ion iXU.eli iDtUrEiM Bncq |ov t h,o st.-inu drdlQg to illrad,
Tbfl cujrabano Ffcitui:; out promiocotEy usd aa vnt'

uiatababla.

Popularly ibaaa rout^aul fiotnbi and s-iintLe funerary
tmonuisiaiibi are oooaLAerad ba be plaaes of sajuadJiy at
qugK. A MaJuyali finest aactibeit ihtMn to Budiikiita.
Thi> fifoneiH wh-!!r« RuuddliBi aatjea attained Alt' lint a trs
s^HE ±: j Lia SisSt. uvcrywhcri! at J'l ziJ Crj ta Lt.'4. Timy iifi

jpattaepd Lir.Lu.uti'rtiiln by tbo rnpftyy oE bearia, tha

Lam^a, qrrturq nod rarttann ware- that nrc [mind ir. them.

* Thn an tine hi IndoMad to Dr. A. Ajjappui'p papa? ce

H-ock-Cut Ca ra-Tamlia Jit Frrakrj 5- Malabar ti'OiJ
befsn tie Ivh 3 HSU foe In Cat'

millaii s j!ai i: .$ :u llaLki.ur.

g$sRgSS

rinmiliu Cfti°ilrai£ csiiosrut in M+Wiit {St* ji
|Bjr I. |:t- ‘I^V.ILLL-:^ nf fir- Ar

TLu ^ir^Li Ini'Ll :nrai LUfUiana |ipi ih«s»1 1h bftvfl Label fsr
Lb-uiQinfi filiv* *ht^ bhiop reduced b?

fibccr son il i*F to a tro^-like slmpo nod torpcd *boah-
Ib ia said Sbat tibe cldaBt aoti wao,Efi pjt tlio frog'lik*
faiihor in an ura ivilii tuftciaul focd ha !aaL Liu Ear &
I'Y^liy i i: r.g tiniii ar.ri bp r ]' i':is tirr. with prupar riltinh.
JfimpmiuMflli ib the naroc Eor Bach a bprial or-n- la Eba
opinion at Dr. Arrmpan, He tiiMdbia; '.r^Ait.an Ja
mara re&Baaabta,

Popular Lr.tditioni; ileb r.at at lIL baleful to Q.B in
jotting AD jrfen of thn :: iu n i :li!U.T! uu ■£ [ tfao FOQ&'OUi
torabt. &u far as t u rut orn go, llmir fjn to t !b. sub aorta
iu tiiab tatui] if MaEtbar, fJo^hLo anH Trano-cora.
DdIciiuch ahrl riibor puralp insfsJitbEt Ateqetorai are few
und far bctTfSKii, Eoat^coi. feomba a?o juqtk irJjnasa&B
sEma SolraeTba uuJ wars ooasidarod to bu n tariaui of
Dba LdEfiftiitV, ArnbitaflUir&Llp, frlakbaT is iFea today
n Liukwhtd aroi in 9 ^ntk lr.it ia ; in (uners-ry a^ubitoa*
turd Goa uba forbear" "nf tbs juai^sta Ms-L&y&l.o? may bays
bntB fitBy Boiajj aad Justiwridni.

Thu i:ioi plait eEMTr.tiosi lit pAtcrite (oe burUl pur-
[»?Ba io WitLubftr aje Eqg&ro or circular p.ts So raeoiro
Iftr^B pyriform uref. Taen bui-a tba eiigtitly moro
fl&fflpLfl]! *: hallow l&Tge gntmg!:i far au urti

wist a tries flat av*f tho frotln’w for pi acini mtoor
[nu&iiry articEca nod * f-i£bt of S^o or tbraa step*
lovJip-g, Iichd tbo surCAna tara’ to th.a dtp, A aeaS (or
fh 3 dead Li f. [b&Iueb of ttiahj cl tba ooLoie^s Eg coiEtnon

wihb th'j Feccbe tri-T.liJ ted dim LI at i^gp* anvaa.

C'l’eaatBd r&ui&itM tm,T<s brad fmiad la suasy pnmifl-
tatabEodolraeos. aotbst. ld f^bt, tbara is little ayadeote

30

fca diaeodaSa aba rook-ant tomba ol Jornko fnirai tbu g^ns
nil a luib Indiaa mag&liSliLG naltQTo wm p| gs. Tha
prcniiniid <d n Efrusid in ForMifil ia not mid to inijt^j'

6r*-TTprjli!;p r Prai HHaur 1>Q broil i- is. ■>! tf]e Opi&iOB that
the Kwlx-sut ipmat arc Yadio raui ilna eu t i o.q
in jto BodaaigEL of Malabar. but E 1 t. A^yappan
diffata [root it. TJaiipg Lba arndtiiMB of fibe pottery
iddths ■shaeiioa od bianco inbo atn|HeittttEini| the TTeroko
gcoaba are eo^BbdatEi to bn ^-] igbiEy eirJiar in &gB than
she Suluc grt7» ^blob b*T= iNen Giad m about
310 B, a.

Tba human reutaka ijund Eu laaB&llilild oa&nu-
suetiSa Id India have baao TOTHpbfmaH bariad, but par-
b&ya iiKtfl fFfqusntly crenialwd- Oa^tlatiaSiYi a tingle
aaijalobre wnteinu triune at burial a= *=11 as erettaiiofl..
Tnctanore of nrn InjTiul ol Lba whoEo bcdf hFh to ab irE&b
in Sindh and 'Pi n □ntilty, lama ]a?a hatnatir at tlm
noac iljJ painted at Abb LiuU jlu wbm usad atii tba body
r.n:ai b&VB bwn rrd::ca:l Eu belt by dijbStbbLob Or
pound III* b&lsre it aould be paatad thrarceb tbs mmiy
uflofr- Similar jasa aro tfiupa in Babylonia There they
orD oofltod. j Tibh bitumniu a blMi am ear or fs.lsa b re-
paid (rum the juice af jHActtn* Burial ia

staplflEQaDbfld by utb-ai presenting against tba return
of aba gboai. Aaoardiiui 6? Fr*K*r, Bba pmotiiw cl
pliaEng dcoM err at fibe (KEpje may Siova u simOaif siiffin;
gr&vra are provided with moundl, iotab^lotM or an-
aluBntce- in ordax t* kaEptba d-rndfrcm talking ge tu
prevent sba gboett [rom returime to tilde old h adnata."

■44, WMUtSianiki Siwurt. ^'Otigin Mod Cmvakpir.iEO nr
M:<n] m*i'\ J. Bit.

si

The ni'-KLU ijT jiE LIjli (hutd by 1 h.it ipl :B rnr

Pf MKBiierilbJa antirinJby, Hft^onoU and KpClti 1 kj!j 1
Hint tbo cpibhjit ' ngnL#DgdliH.V appltre in ttfl Acl& 3 wi™

rrr.VQ huT-at LU & funeral J jva - the oiiwi OQBSOIEi bnicfi.

burial dbi. ’d*V not burnt with arc. They also

rate" to 1 paroptab ’ 'oaring mu ' and 'uddliki,, cupce'iTit
of tie dead . They and chit burial was nat rare :u fcta
Jliy,- Y sJlq psiJLid , 11 A alone k eeb wp between the deed

HuT.lL the ELrSug Lo jifariit tLdcu r ,f I-lLmiaiilELlia,.
ToJIianiycr: bad pHruluJigliTam t Liard n valn.'jLLa aLta.fi oE
i[;[pi'mfc::nn rt£ur:i.i l g iba :ijtiLli::i:iii ai ::jpi»gl al Lbs
J.Cr-'H lTu jg *Erat man Fn dayi, I ih::y lire very uJii Tamil

lVOrkfl said t j Hava grariB Mb being ftWvit thn eight
eenisny A- 33. fkcc.c rcJi^nrs a ire them aa rnrjipr
nn b iqLlly . The practis-' ui erecting Jiomia-Hatf in.

hujTjfjjr of tLe dead most hare b-jlougol to Lite non-
Aryan tribsi known :-.s MLeabaa, Bahaboaiia, Uaajus,
and Nintnd*s who were the P?:e-DrB.v:G Larin, TLe.-a
arc reft r::ri pen to this OUS-IOEI in InllapLiitn and
Jl’QTABumirai “CL, the potter vtis mahei aaiebanwaro,
rl m p]'M:ie prepare the Lrn meaut DuLLiig D'.ib rd u Lb xtnae
tr bo eat Up sr. muenory ut the dtPtmKEd tinru. Tfl Jh
PDffiible Una ato me.Bi.kti.ng peopla may faav* Imp: the
Aryans whei ere nnLd to bare oisteied India abgut 3Q00 1
Du C,

‘is. I'u^dxvi :„A.u • , Cesn?^lT^^iw^s.^||•-ieiu^!b’ , pv. 05.

2 <L MiLleniic, D. A., |L ILidinti Itfytlia nad Eecildt
riij Luxbi price;. pp. L9-5T.

CHAPTER "VI

Afjje □( IM^^jLthLo Monumtnti

AsZlftCAfiCAaa attar 0nT?:uM rnaeircbnH Irnva baua
able bo d3vide mefiaEStliiQ intn th™<s

aa&inlLfg t* Lbeir MUbaota :-

(|) Tip tiLni'.i!i ::■{ tin: SlOnO Afft u uOlia: J i rtJ, to he
tliq rrnEh mcnanE* Tbfii iLce uillan □ ! j|ri:ab m je niiil
n?Q d i-J# - ’ □ ui.iig'fctct liy pjruLeil Of >Llii:jj Utid, E-to ii»?-
ckaixbors in TriirGb nrO rnu:::L Lh« rtAca'.a i Qi V3-
burot bodies with pb of Otr.Dd nnd aiubor.. Tto
G3-DT.CO opniii:it by Wnjii it~ri Crtnnnr a:>c.l ..Lir.ed cd
E uapdonnSSl Ih,. mJ y»r ~ Is.. -lily bnJgJijjod to Lbu SL-jtij

A (#- Tbii represent! (.be Igtowt gfciit-3 □(
tJou fcotoretba iiftnod n-rtion of ingfoig-

CiLJ Gibe l'jjuu]: of (be Ikoaze A,jr, wotaSus rnl:c* nF
burnt bodies. 'msebbIb. 3 DO. i mplccnflgbe, and
cifcagiuslH gf i-dviticil fl3TiIiaatioo t I'm mi;] J of
Lbia i^tLlJ are met in EtsaLa. tut it apponra that
Mr. IWr£:LLDD «de« piiili-3 up a IdKfiDSS lamp icbieb

probably li iiEdd^ bg cdb aiivli blMSUllIBr

{i;i) HTjuvtJi Of sinr. Iron /i.rii >m tip ctsmfl raoobff and
Fepwwufc R SCEDpm’AtirgLp nd tuncEd flfuto at stf Lb-
aitiew, Iron implMMEtn, awonda. apeur- bftadi;, and
busily podiaboi Trawls ato [gqnd ia tfionSr Kren"
Tationa ELido La iiarala so to sbe^ that nil the
hom'd]] aim cl Mm Iron Aca,

Tim nrnc'inU rol^l f;r dOBiidflS'B.'iltli ifl ton pnh&ble
tisv) of tba Irru An?. Tibia ie& kbdfijf probfoni, am! it
m Otilp FOBai bio SO Sk ltd itmn iLp[>n. , xEibiitdJy.
Iron ■waa ifLOWr. !□ tbs "PoAlq Anyang CrozQ vury flur]?
tlmsg,, la tbd Opinion of 3k3 c- A- □■ Gupta t tbo ago of tho
Rlg’^edt haa bfltm atf dgi/q to Wiiucno or at any ^td
tbs PlkiMPs svr JfJoIrtoasno upoob"' Though tho oat j-
mate In bm«d do ioberual evideiiwa, aaob ramot*
tcUil'.lfo hi& UDS u'SfiJLSd sLe *iuk oS ^iajiLjflA »cr-
irviniy- ATaodoniOlB' Jatir-inti; may Iki Habta as OWTddt.
Tbo fT?Ti Ag? in lodli nay to fiiod as being paler tn
aooo Br 0.

Significance of Dolmens

Major Muuo alaimn that tbc ^cJmoa^boEtiBra of
tbo Ddoaans *s;c aiiuiDB for gold, capper, ireu au-H
SiambPdfl. Hid paints out thoA Gba two diatrkta aher*
the dj]iDUr a an tke EkiekeaG ato EeLlaay and Dkai*irr t

wbi?h ar*i rt<li3M TV iAh nlrt wireHagj of galfl, cflppSf, nod

iron. Tbe Ac;*tuk 3 raltey in sbs borne ef a Urgeoon-
couii'aViou doliunne- Tba apstfc of t'no faolcfilBt cun
alona Setarmlnu wbut tbr minora! eoutout? oftkaBoif
araJn Auianad. lbs late bfo; Vincent Ball iaya. Want
gnLd- ■washing, ay praotiaed in Iu^lb,. 3b am oiamplo of
human li^raiaii-OD • Tbs Gonda of Central India are
ualflunus noLi-TS’ivr>i:-a. IIlaj- it ill ai«G miniature

35. □ mi*. a- 0.. ''ftiff-Vijfli* iitf i* M , Vsl. j.

u

ilalm.'QaK inn ibna SHOW atr-aug xi^ga o( inn34y with
rtcpli uE lib a afcbaiu uLvilixatiun.. X'hs Kitr-jciUm Zl
ttg NUflzia aTO the £ £old washers ot the Had n&
FrDBideuCV dal] og Irora. SC'O B. 0, Ibu Halsyaraysul
□E TraTouuprOr locoraiafl to Weihouee. msfci ! rotation
ZT'JS-iH;!:: nf T^nLi l]*ba oE efc3u.n i ti ib$ HiiTinJ F.sisrv ml

ffT3969, but gold wiNuieg iaubt iu evidauGG. In tuay
bevo iieoorao a torfiDbfceii Art.

M venliEbit moauta cnta Lb different Earba of the
W-tfild present. : . y lsI _ n nnLfgTioJ'iy ::■[ litn-uigT-n that it in
hardly ootnjiiti bla with She theory oftlieir iudapesdatiS
□rFatd, Mbntdme Eocaaaes attention on tho mutiutiraB
iaffcaotie at tbe um' ii!i thti nuit fron: Tcmotu i::ti'jn.

^argn jboej bbEut; ili&S tie dolmen-bo:] Idare lan
Dfniidin^ in crigia, Bhikofs abrikee * difi'ereat :nobe
and opirw that fbor SiTon Veddgifi or Auflbi'&laid :»
origin, and babTr&oD bte 3d/sria» c( tbo as rib. Dud fibs

Vadd*a cT toe tenth tecra iDiaFTOoe the Z nr am hi a.

Irolaa, to a Mntlm Fa os , a ad the Ur&IEi jotaoedetiiig this
Fto-'DrFiyLdJauB, wbu &oOe Boru&d o?tr tbo whole of
Ijdis Bbd hit =L‘ Gama b billet the LbAnsnue oE the Dn-
vlJinLi iiliI the Aryans. According to HflJndera Pptiin,
cbfl rate of the PrH-EJrnviiL'.oo □iittura in iboot 2 SCO
hi, Q, Tale view Ju nnji firmed by Perry whg bo]de, L &1I
the ifurbd uVOr, tin m ili: Imnan yre-sant Jgph nLCuilil i t ie«

•of atraotbrh that they pm.it have boon the wort of
* people* allowing a common cutur-a loygad

!!!!■ Parry H-T.. “H AgyJSlLlle C^ltnneE IhiVjhpwW

as

Imfa^ eiriit iTukti iucLud ea suuGug aShar tmuu, Aai^tt.
and IPi'.i rniii , ih::ij.ilL: tliLi; mu a inn pel Em sire i:i rvine-nise [a
fcba ifo^ioo o? tbo JfnuflM ol'Ciwta JSlnirpaT, tbo TcSae
oC tbo Sfilnlr-s, &□,$ tbo b ilL 1 tri bea al rramuMBro-

Coni [usinn

EalMMjioLsgioal: aridBiwie alia aup-potla Lbt theory
Sftbu on mm ran origin n: in Kgul 1 1 Li u nipnii uik nia. Nn
tJfLil'iUi] rrmniD? bfiTO iflQc no Ear g.rigneLbnd ip bcnr any
diract r-riGuncr of tens Hfinr- f G no a in IraTBnoorat
''Judged bp eta oatere aid feba wcnpno of objaote
faind, the mj^aUfcliio i^maLua of tbs Peaumi tad
E:;iLLh'j in Indie. ar& pcifiL Yadjc ilzjlJ LuLfci Oban any
Similar "om.Lir: ; pE t:ic Central IzirLlun Plateau, !>■ ci
tvIlkih the Atill-i: ’•fi w ijii’i:' : ::rm to buy:: stprtsnsL sstssiLb'
wniaBJ' Twa (aggil fijTrjniji i b&TV tson frannd Ja India,,
the l^ay-sun cx*p:e:io» aod ibo SkiJtoS uTtaltm-
IV Keith is al opmioD that they are of a Yfldetaf-o &jtp 3
^bLQh rapresanta (he Fro-Dr*yi5Eao tFro-io-ABsiraLoid)
■^copier In j aMkTttisfiH o! Mobaoja-daro and U.unppn
raveat tbsi -a a* or tko nkulSe ie proto- iflatrslold, i
narr«i(iijiadHCJu:a is tyfi LB TtfVA&lui by uQu oE die SoiKu
India a.L AdAtabiitLijf «?bldi ii Milled PlaSo-

A iLiirnlnird by ELUljE. BinLlii.' lau ptyuiasl abfiri-
ul. :!r:iiLii. ti ftbaerved in the aitutla asfl iound anmO^ tba

3T. Huttoii, J. n r . “Coniius & p.iri Jsr Indy*’", MSI, Vet. l. P
Fart-IIL Pp.lyrAiyLl
iB. thkL^laV

itfL»Liu£ South. IbJIi" Soil's? sit a f.m'iag ihn Veddes af
Coyln n. " Th MrK Im n raoai&aSile sIlsi i i«= 3 iy bafrwoBH
Atm** and cho (i<dl tfigu j found in Sits Suionli -’.I Grant
Britain, Tnu<*h Mj£ Gertcnuy *hlnh «fcLbii ieatutun
oC 9. doll rtKHJopbalifl poosJo" 1 * Tbua tbu auitotinity
in the ntnflturc of tho »Dnvntg ie uorkod by a
UDlionuity ID thlO etRKlbUTO at Ehi: annbiipncl akrdnliir.?
yrbisti balaum bo a doliolia»p!mlio pioplflL

'While Pio-DraYLdiao Is tbol; tikne-lLoinjnMd ru'i’d-
laLJun, Euihfledi] wuutd call them Tallin, and Dr. Saha,
l?libadJ& Dr.. H'j tlon hat labelled them Proto-
AuMiraLuid aft^r SaWill, Tbi^gb the Trir-DrjvidLaij hae
ftiT laug m*3ek: ta a Attfi p( tlmci, Iti ir ti:i L fitting bhnL the
tonn P*nS0' Agitpttto:^ ebnoh-1 ennt-iTmfl.

9.?. ^i^biui’uu. "Hcdirc G:-jkci^Jiv" pp, iiFH-. afli.

INDEX

A

AtbE ])r:i;i

FkKB

ft

Adi.o‘rmTiiiLi!T

98. £5

Ac.tr,' vncbi

u

AdiutiiVrLiljiiilir, t. K, g, 29, 5G

A aim

f. 7. 11

At v ip-pin, A.

B, 93. £0

A

B* Mb#; tan

1*

U.jrl'Lidiii

sn

llA ilhlljb

is

BnUri-

gbii

IB

HiliA ^Ur^tri

a

Ei “p Vui-ls.r

id

B“riMq

is

Bxmle

s

BlTDEdillnF.

K

Bcbsuca

3

IlraiLZii Ar4

«

IJcum

1, 1-J

C

djiriiuujiiL Kills

Qhitvtuj

It

ClniiaiiiiAc*

5R

CaoiiiiiiHa

B

Oanhia

29

OilM*r

lfl

D

Crflui m

15,9ft £fl

DnbnnLl

9S, iP

E

Ei lindtipiL

«

Elliot &m TjK

S5

9J

F

,, Fr

Flag Si-im ■].

ilnsu

FLisiflM F^trir

Sni«, air J»in«i

Q

SoltlrPum

fl-und lfl r

finulnHli Hfw

flulu, 15 . p.

UupLi. A.Cj.

K

HiKipfil

Hftl! nil! LI !1 f T't»

HlIYILflr

Hulun, I. H.

i

XD^dDiblk

1

Jaquu XayAr

k

HaAir
KijiiiLirht
tt* 1 !! fuiiSliri
K (ill'll Artist

K: :.*l:i 111 u I: 4 .Lii - , uT:i

KbcWI £:■[[*[* 5
Klnfti
fljid* KM-lB
Fc«ri*lH^»rATh*U
fiiHi r linnlUr. T: i u 31 ij ■

F i| rlLinln Id,

s s- ssm! Mssar

EL

L

P»fi*

Li^id

S, T

H

^GbodoanQ

ii, Si. Si

illiJlTJ-tliJlli

3$, 39, 34

>1oi*p,iUr*rLLLil

3

ITiiLipu-U. 1 , *

11

jlh.-vfiLl.i i liiniin'i,

li

Wui,ljr.uk.hiilt

01

MfijiiJitL]

s

Mnl N'

33

Vlunhir

fl, 39. 3&

Hull mi ji P&M

H. 0*

43u±1.1LI[ll

SJ

Vl^iy.11

1

UiLuntbcde

21

M.D'Li

lfl. 6i

Hun a ra limpid

a

IT. nil

llmhnvna

iii. ?f

M

Kinut^ioil”

49

KniMLliie

in

a

Ontuu

10

1*

?d! ),sd.i 111 ic

0

■pilajib-iuir

0, 11

L-"k: :°Ii li i i M ! ! r-fc

4

Ru- j Tii Einhjaa

t. 11

^lUUmldjuIljli

Id

p^Bambihilin

94

fhnvi'.TUinH'

4

■Pirrr

04

14

Sfi

c'^riil.i ji.j.iTiry.

EL

PMo-AIUtnliili)

31

FUraDKIOTU

Lt

ft

IiiLuiii

11, 10

Ea*

M

03

ELvcm

>3

Hu I. 3>nib GlL-ikira

IS

(M

s

^Ellol

3$

SlLiiiita

4

EtiiuiLu’j

17

San Q-apii, K , H., S,

99, I*

sin.lh

Bfl

Slu'csln." 1

19

3lilirtki'i*. - nl*''3Ej«r, F.

SS

T

1 '». 1 1 rl i > 1 1 . 1 i

3V

TijL'Lt. Iljh ri.l ’.r^inri

0i 19

fangtfllinJ

14

"1: >:idiJi lifts

IT

i^ai fvcJiy

ns

TndiH

10 . us

TuJtapl:;.u

11. 91

Tlu>nillinulu.l

JT

1'tunppllklla

\!M

1'aaL-ttu:

0

■L'rir hur

4

LP

gnai!

13, U4

v

V*:i.7lCPIW

14

Yah nip

II

VandLpwi j*!

14, 10

Vi.rk>Lli.

£

Vm»'1JnYA 1 "1.1 "IT. hi

El 19

VitLjjunlfilLl

le-

VeLum

tt- U4

Vtd' Hld'.k

IS

14 IB

YhiihJ

If

VlutdnllJtJl

St

VI kwftip ISra

4

W

WnJhnuap 11,14

Wind i i l1 fLortam J , IS

WodUr. 3Jt Lecaurt 3

Of (Ae Some Ser/tc:

KERALA — Past & Present

V*r.. IT. rilE PlR-JUlivmuti 5E.IH1 M
Vot.lll. Tin: DBA mu H EI.KMKS-T
Voi. IV, Tick abv.vh ELEM£;--T
V' r. \ M .vie i! i Ibhiitutio:-;^

Ta Ae o«| *oo,n, L

Tuimi - h C-19TES o> DOui:u

^ (With Tltlitj Tt*:-:*)

if ty the same

THE TRAVANCORE IRISES St CASTES

v..i 4 r* v«i. a. ft*. ie.k voi, a. ft*. 5i'

\ -.n 1| < : . -t-fl ft ma I - l. it Tic I W ft f. mj.. 1 *>. vr M 1 ! h
lin villi r 1 • isulrr, | nr L : ' fi p.»>-.rai( -li i .i r<[ i, fifth k Hi l i

■! i" v ■ li»r * a i-irt>fi»l ■ •"■rl . r 1ft s , u vmd bar* ilm Lb.
« ”.t n : t h! -u .v /i. J .. ith llicMi ,w ’ S tm

*•- 1 * i tl cU itBitt, ■burin ftft _? .

\ CDLitii nr *»■.-:! L:: i-.sn.i in', r iimiiun irirb rc-.r^ pd i j Qi» :i

lr !i.- i. 1 aim I mill ■ uy ,n L'.nHil i f ■ <ru . M'nndldtft !>■ .j?

, l. *.r m- J QIU-.S cnriH't w ■ }i — H rn ; - tl . hr I I !,!■:! . c. tbu

fOaiii* ftlf ’f'hic'l rreul fruit n -r. :| r,..-T,| I .Pi frr J . • I ■ ,a|, hi-U.fr

“'"I |t - -i .tn J ' ij! cr L . h i tt i ■ I |t h ^ 1 1 v r| frit |ft 1 . i || i i, ,

:*■ • br H H MftK|| 4 O ,i't»rd

i Jr’.f' k™

1 Lifttt- = 4 it'iir n..i I nitli i.--t cr.'il profit Lu.t

P -■ Pt. V f PFife* tl rfi.1 .ndt»

i 1 ’ * ■ S. ■ ‘ ’ I n irfr , ... ■ r ..i. r r - '.t

iu r.vnn iii.v.| aiid nBL! j.-n 1 y-i iw . It i ► nf r.nrT p-p.il i l.i.-..

t »«ln|ur*!>i '| Jlftllftlln Dm 2 A Uplift tie II Dei

Arnfti 3J*. 1.' Orient, Pwri*.

■ *TI»l lli- fill* - la-- Itewr I'.iliLiiur T <r r,. rf «,

Tf«r 4 ni tuft L-V Inn -mil 2-1 i-t. 51 r KriiJlItja Ivnr 1':u iiijw ijioift
lw *«• *wl b« bfti- iIp.ii i- vr : ;|| ft , nr'llr.. Umi wlnt.ll -

.|ir- . ntft in a mpltllv *?l>fii4iiij> mi.mi'-i* h.J vfriiJi n fn-

it*Ujur.Li-if-mTi-2r.1i i.iiuc *n:-.,.s;

r' |J •• >■*' " c«r«,t Sti-i.ft. Umn^IftTV

Ik* Mr ft I'll U i !*r .rfiuftll.jr, nj Ml- i m , ■ Li,. J,*.i .J

- f ‘' i ; ' - - Katun*, l.i»D'l»a.

‘ _ 'it> irnrir bil I It.ui Ti-r. 1 nil. „.l f imifthw ft

• I rL..-,j.-l nf the pin-iiit., ,f i‘-, hi it ii j i r i, ft, 0 [

Harftl *■ pi ii Lie Sfteiftty JiumiiI, Lu*J ..ji